Skip to main content

Operator Overloading using Friend Functions with Complex Numbers

Operator overloading using friend functions:


Operators can be overloaded in c++ with friend functions also. The procedure is same as we discussed earlier. Here I will demonstrate operator overloading with "+" operator which is a binary operator. I will be using a complex number class (called complex). The class will have 2 data types, real and imaginary.
Operator overloading will not be a part of class complex, but we will declare that this function is a friend of class complex.

Note that since overloaded function is not part of class , so will require 2 args (overloading with member function require 1 arg for binary operator, as the first arg is the object itself.)
Use:
Most student wonder why we need to use operator overloading in such manner? The answer is simple, this will allow you to manipulate operator for predefined objects that you mat not have access. (Like cout or cin)

Code:

#include<iostream>


using namespace std;
// complex class with real and imaginary part
class complex
{
    public:
    int real;
    int img;
    //default constructor
    complex()
    {
        real=img=0;    
    }
    //overloaded constructor with 2 args
    complex(int x,int y)
    {
        real=x;
        img=y;    
    }
    //show function to display complex number
    void show()
    {
        cout<<"\n"<<real<<"+"<<img<<"i";
    }
    //declaring that "opeartor+" is friend of class complex
    friend complex operator+(complex c,complex d);
};

//operator+ is not part of complex class so have 2 args for + operator overload.
complex operator+(complex c, complex f)
{
    complex ans;
    ans.real=c.real+f.real;
    ans.img=c.img+f.img;
    return(ans);
}
int main()
{
    complex x(1,2), y(0,7);
    complex c=x+y;//overloaded + is called here
    //note that compiler will convert this to
    // c=operator+(x,y)
    c.show();
}
Labels:

Popular posts from this blog

Overloading Unary Operator in C++

In this Example I will demonstrate overloading a unary operator. The overloading is done in similar way as we did for binary operator. In this example I will be using a Vector Class. The operator we are going to over load is the unary "~" (tilde) operator. although you can use any unary overloadable operator. Method: In this example the overloaded operator will be the part of the class i.e. the over loaded definition will be a member function. (As we know overloading can be done using non member functions too). So the unary operator will not have any arguments in it. We will overload ~ operator so that it will reflect the vector so that its z component becomes x component and vice versa. So input vector will be 2i+3j+5k and its output vector will be 5i+3j+2k. although you can do anything you like. Code: # include < iostream > using namespace std ; class vector { int x , y , z ;      public : vector ( ) { x = y = z = 0 ; ...
Read more

constructor overloading in c++

Constructor play an important part in c++. They can initialize the values of a given object to some known values. This is important as constructor will be able to set some values in objects which otherwise may have some garbage values. Most uninitialized value in objects are main cause of the bugs. But the concept of constructor can allow us to do just anything beside initializing values. Constructor are always called when an object is created. This property of constructor is very useful in situation when you need to perform some task as soon as an object is created. So constructor is a special function that gets called automatically when an object is created. This function can like any other function do anything (like initializing values). Overloading Constructor : This process is very similar to the overloading of simple functions. Since constructor are also function , they can be overloaded like any other functions. This allows user to create many constructor, which can help u...
Read more